One of the riddles of mammal evolution is explained: the conservation of the number of trunk vertebrae. Dutch and American researchers have shown that this conservation is due to the role of speed in ...

Cervical stenosis is the narrowing of the vertebral canal in the neck. It is a common cause of neck pain and is more common in elderly patients. Up to 26% percent of people over the age of 64 may have ...

The lumbar vertebrae are the largest movable bones of the backbone. Their large size and bone strength is necessary because these vertebrae support more weight than the upper two segments of the ...

In Panderichthids (rhipidistian fish ancestors of amphibians), 2 sets of ossifications are present in the centra region. At posterior end, below the neural arch, are pleurocentra. This element gave ...