A new JSTAT study shows how to compute the minimum energy cells use to sustain certain metabolic pathways while suppressing ...

Almost exactly 200 years ago, French physicist Sadi Carnot determined the maximum efficiency of heat engines. The Carnot ...

There are “costs of life” that mechanical physics cannot calculate. A clear example is the energy required to keep specific ...

In classical physics, anything driven hard enough will eventually heat up, lose coherence, and settle into disorder. A new ...

Recently, a team of researchers made headlines for a stunning announcement: a theoretical breakthrough that expanded our understanding of the first law of thermodynamics. But to understand that result ...

Thanks to the power of fluctuation relations, physicists are taking the second law of thermodynamics to settings once thought impossible. Since the steam engine began modernizing the world, the second ...