There is a distinction that one learns about on the first day of a course in psychological research methods. It is the difference between internal and external validity. Internal validity is ...

The following discussion is based on the framework of Campbell and Stanley, [1] in that specific threats to establishing a cause-and-effect relationship (i.e., internal validity) are associated with ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Methodological issues must be examined within the context of metatheoretical perspectives. More specifically, at the level of drawing ...

The three-step process shown in Table 2 can be used to assess the validity of a study's findings and determine if they are relevant to readers' practices. The first step in establishing validity is to ...