In one respect, voltage is like water: you don't appreciate its value until your supply runs low. Low-voltage systems, defined here as a single power supply less than 5 V, teach us to appreciate ...

The very basics of operational amplifiers. Learn comparator, inverting, and non-inverting op-amp configurations. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a dc-coupled high-gain electronic voltage ...

Author Mazi Hosseini describes a simple, low-cost, voltage-controlled current source using two op amps that provides a good range of current and maximum load. One challenge in circuit design is ...

In designs using multiple LED strings such as brake lights, daytime running lights, rear lights and other automotive lighting applications, current-balancing circuits supply equal current to all LED ...